Influence Of Systems Theory And Whanau Ora Approach On...

Firstly, this essay will discuss what social work is and its role in New Zealand society. This essay will then examine the influence of Systems Theory and the Whanau Ora approach on social work practice. It will highlight the contributions Systems Theory and Whanau Ora have made in relation to Maori culture and domestic violence intervention. This paper will then identify the critical issues facing the domestic violence social work sector, exploring the dangers of individual based practice, the western world view and colonisation in relation to Maori. This essay will question whether social work has supported the continuation of family violence problems for Maori or whether colonisation is responsible for the high violence statistics amongst Maori. By evaluating ways in which social practice can be improved and adapted to meet the needs of our future Maori generations, this paper will explain how the Mauri Ora Framework and its imperatives can help improve the wellbeing of Maori fam ilies experiencing violence in the home. Social work is a profession dedicated to the empowerment and liberation of people. Social work seeks to improve the quality of life of individuals, families and communities affected by social disadvantage and oppression. According to the International Federation of Social Workers, â€Å"social work facilitates social development and social cohesion. Core to social work is supporting people to influence their social environments to achieve sustainableShow MoreRelatedEffects Of Marijuana And Alcohol Use On A 36 Year Old Client Essay2269 Words   |  10 Pagesfactors in the client’s life. Bio- psycho-social, environmental and developmental factors will also be explored. I will then discuss motivational interviewing and Cognitive Behaviour Therapy as possible strategies I could implement as well as the theoretical concepts that underpin these approaches. Finally I will include a synopsis of the development and progression of the counselling intervention using the Tihei-wa Mauri Ora as a guide as well as critique my work and its effectiveness or adjustmentsRead MoreMental Illness And Its Impact On Youth Essay3581 Words   |  15 Pages..................................................page 3 Definition.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.....page 3 History and Statistics†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.page 5 Legislation and Policies†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦page 7 Impacts on Young New Zealanders†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..page 9 In Practice†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..page 12 Reflection†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦page 14 Image two: Introduction This report will first define what mental illness is, the distinctive characteristics that this illness places on this diverse population and

Computer Virus - 860 Words

STAMFORD UNIVERSITY BANGLADESH Assignment on Public Speaking Assignment topic : Informative speech on â€Å"Computer Viruses† Submitted to : Kanita Ridwana Lecturer Department of English Stamford University Bangladesh. Submitted by : Mir Alim – uz – zaman ID. LLB 04206977 Department of Laws Stamford University Bangladesh Submission date†¦show more content†¦Some viruses are programmed specifically to damage the data on your computer by corrupting programs, deleting files, or even erasing your entire hard drive. Many viruses do nothing more than display a message or make sounds / verbal comments at a certain time or a programming event after replicating themselves to be picked up by other users one way or another. Other viruses make your computers system behave erratically or crash frequently. Sadly many people who have problems or frequent crashes using their computers do not realize that they have a virus and live with the inconveniences. Though Viruses are really a threat for all computer users, it cannot be harmful in some points. b) What Viruses don’t do: Computer viruses cannot infect write protected disks or infect written documents. Viruses do not infect compressed files, unless the file was infected prior to the compression. [Compressed files are programs or files with its common characters, etc. removed to take up less space on a disk.] Viruses do not infect computer hardware, such as monitors or computer chips; they only infect software. In addition, Macintosh viruses do not infect DOS / Window computer software and vice versa. For example, the Melissa virus incident of late 1998 and the ILOVEYOU virus of 2000 worked only on Window based machines and could notShow MoreRelatedThe Evolution of the Computer Virus1800 Words   |  8 PagesThe Evolution of the Computer Virus Introduction In simple terms a virus can be defined as software, which is unwanted and executes arbitrary code on systems. It acts as a small software program, which has the capability of exploiting other software programs in order to piggyback[1]. The terms viruses and malwares are used interchangeably, however, in technical terms, the viruses are a subset of malware and so are trojans, worms and rootkits. The name for the â€Å"Computer Virus† has actually derivedRead MoreEffect of Computer Virus2009 Words   |  9 PagesDifferent Types of Computer Viruses Computer virus is a software program written with malicious intentions. There are number of computer viruses that can impede the functioning of your computer system. Let us find out the different types of computer viruses. Did You Know? In 2010, Stuxnet virus targeted Siemens Industrial Software and Equipment. There are allegations that this virus is a part of a U.S. and Israeli intelligence operation named Operation Olympic Games and it hit Irans nuclearRead MoreA Computer Virus Is a Computer Program That Can Copy Itself2896 Words   |  12 PagesA computer virus is a computer program that can copy itself[1] and infect a computer. The term virus is also commonly but erroneously used to refer to other types of malware, adware, and spyware programs that do not have the reproductive ability. A true virus can only spread from one computer to another (in some form of executable code) when its host is taken to the target computer; for instance because a user sent it over a network or the Internet, or carried it on a removable medium such as aRead MoreThe Open Problem Of The Computer Virus Problem2376 Words   |  10 Pagesgoing to discuss the open problems in computer virology and review some of the techniques used to solve these problems. Also, we will try to extend the already present solutions by researching on how we can improvise certain aspects of these solutions to generate more efficient virus recognition and detection techniques. The aim of this research paper is to encourage people to work on the computer virus problem. Keywords—Computer, Virus, Virus Recognition, Anti-virus,Heuristic Analysis, Epidemology. IRead MoreComputer Virus And Its Effect On The Computer2535 Words   |  11 PagesIntroduction Today, the term ‘computer virus’ is definitely not unfamiliar to most people. In the early 1980s, people started to gain awareness of Computer virus or Malware. However, it was only in 1987 that computer virus became prominent; especially to those in the press and trade industry. [1] Computer virus has evolved over the years - from the early days of Internet distributed Morris worm to remote access Trojans(RAT). Often not, a personal computer tends to be vulnerable to a virus attack. It was reportedRead MoreEssay about Computer Virus and World Wide Web745 Words   |  3 Pagesperforming an antivirus scan on your computer? From what the lab showed me and from my understanding it is because the scan will not scan encrypted files. The signature file would have been able to pick it up and it would work in tangent with the scan. 4. Once a malicious file is found on your computer, what are the default settings for USB/removable device scanning? What should organizations do regarding use of USB hard drives and slots on existing computers and devices? Some devices have serialRead MoreComputer Virus : A Virtual Program1170 Words   |  5 PagesComputer Virus Definition A computer virus is a kind of program which is inserted several strings of computer codes that can destroy the function or date of computers. It can affect not only the computer which has been infected, but also a group of computers which are related to the infected one. Feature Though a computer virus is a virtual program or a section of executable code, it still seems like a biological virus, which have ability of self-propagation, mutual infection, and regeneration.Read MoreComputer Virus and Prentice Hall Essay5664 Words   |  23 PagesAssignStudent# 11469947 Name: Neel Nand Subject:ITC595 Assessment#: 1 Student# 11469947 Name: Neel Nand Subject:ITC595 Assessment#: 1 ment 1 ITC595 Information Security Question 1. Reports of computer security failures appear frequently in the daily new. Cite a reported failure that exemplified one (or more) of the principles listed in the chapter: easiest penetration, adequate protection, effectiveness, weakest link. There has been a lot of reports of security breaches in the newsRead MoreEffect of Virus on Performance of Computer System1446 Words   |  6 PagesPROJECT PROPOSAL NAME: ZAINA MOHAMEDI TITLE:THE EFFECT OF VIRUS ON PERFORMANCE OF COMPUTER SYSTEM IN AN ORGANIZATION 1.0 INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND Computer is an advanced electronic device which manipulate data according to a set of instruction provided and generate the desired output, It can process both numerical and non-numerical (arithmetic and logical) calculations.. The two principal characteristics of a computer are: it responds to a specific set of instructions inRead MoreInstalling A Computer : An Anti Virus1479 Words   |  6 PagesRepairing a computer may seem like a difficult task, but it is actually quite simple. Whether you need to replace hardware, format your computer or handle an anti-virus, a lot of repairmen are more than eager to help you out, but it naturally comes with a price - and a high one, at that. Many technicians overcharge far too much for the work that they do, necessary parts not included. But with some dedication and little bit of your time, you can do exactly what they do and all you ll have to pay

The Dark House Essay example - 1432 Words

Earlier today, John and I were taking a walk in the outskirts of the town, when we saw an old house on top of a hill. I wanted to take a closer look at it, but John looked a little spooked and mumbled something about not wanting to go there. I convinced him that there was nothing to be afraid of, â€Å"It’s just an old house which hasn’t been occupied for a while.† I told him though I wasn’t sure whether someone really was living there. We walked up the driveway, up to the house. It was huge. The place looked deserted, the grass hadn’t been mowed for ages, and everything was a mess. Filled with anxiety, John chewed on his nails like crazy, but my curiosity had taken hold of me. I still wanted to check this place out. The door was made of†¦show more content†¦I admit I was a bit spooked myself now, and felt like running away, but I was fascinated by this old house, and wanted to explore it. I turned around and went back inside, the door opened easier this time. I went up the left staircase, and through a doorway. It was a bedroom that I should have never entered. On the bed lay John, shoeless and completely pale in the face, dead. I cried, wishing we’d never entered the house in the first place. A cold breeze sent shivers down my spine and goose bumps engulf my body I found my self no longer crying. I swore revenge upon whoever that did that to my friend. Outside the room I spotted something in the hallway, it seemed to float over the floor. It must have been a shadow, I could see right through it. It floated closer to me, and I started running away, down the stairs and towards the door heading outside. But it was locked. â€Å"I’m doomed†, I thought, and stood still. As I looked to my left, I saw a window, big enough for me to climb through. I ran towards the window, knowing that the object was still following me. The window was in a kitchen, and i n one corner I saw a little white furry thing with long ears. I looked behind me and saw that the floating thing had stopped in the hall. I picked up the bunny, but I quickly noticed that it had long bloodstained teeth and red eyes that stared hungrily at me. I couldn’t move. I had panicked. Suddenly I felt a sharp pain on my arm. TheShow MoreRelatedEssay On Dark House786 Words   |  4 Pages   My watched ticked 6: 30 PM as I waited outdoor the eating place for my night meal to reach. It became a specially chilly summer season night in Silicon Valley, yet it had a heat feeling to it. The vivid lights of the restaurant illuminated the busy streets because the sun set down over the west. It took me a while to observe the cellphone booth subsequent to me became ringing for a while now and the temptation to reply it grew with each ring. I couldnt preserve it any further, I needed to solutionRead MoreThe And Dark House - Original Writing1690 Words   |  7 PagesRyan and I en ter the dim and dark house, which makes it apparent that the girls are still out. Struggling to hold my inner elation of the job being complete, I have no choice but to wait until Dana gets back.   â€Å"I’m gonna quickly run upstairs,† I tell Ryan, so I can grab the money we now owe him. â€Å"Cool. You got any beers in the fridge?† He asks. â€Å"Yeah, I think Amy got some the other day. Grab me one,† I reply. â€Å"Alright,† Ryan’s voice fades into the background as I pace upstairs. Now in the bedroomRead MoreEssay On The Danger Of Ignorance In House Of Dark Shadows743 Words   |  3 Pagesof Ignorance perfectly fits the book, â€Å"House of Dark Shadows,† written by Robert Liparulo. This book focuses on a fifteen year old boy named Xander who moves to a small town called Pinedale, with his family. They find a big victorian house while they were out house hunting. They looked around on the inside and could tell that it had not been lived in for at least forty years. And a lot of the previous family’s belongings were still scattered around the house as if the family had packed only valuableRead MoreThe Fall Of The House Of Usher : Poes And Dark Romanticism1007 Words   |  5 PagesThe Fall of the House of Usher: Poe’s and the Dark Romanticism Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849) born in the United States was a poet, writer, critic, and journalist recognized as one of the greatest exponents of the Dark Romanticism (Ultan and Olson, 51). Dark Romanticism is an American literary subgenre emerged in the nineteenth century from the philosophical movement called transcendentalism. Dark Romanticism, broadly speaking, rely very little on perfection as an innate quality of the human being,Read Moreâ€Å"The Falls Of The House Of Usher† Is A Dark Short Story,1239 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The Falls of The House of Usher† is a dark short story, about a man visiting his demented friend. Summoned to a visit a childhood friend Roderick Usher, who he has not seen in many years since he has lost touch. Surprised by this invitation, but it seems that Roderick wrote of acute bodily illness of a mental disorder and he felt a concern for his childhood friend. Upon arrival to the estate he feels the sense of dread and depression. Noti cing that nothing has changed, but the house is dilapidatedRead More The Somber and Dark Tone of The Fall of the House of Usher Essay1265 Words   |  6 PagesThe Somber and Dark Tone of The Fall of the House of Usher The work of Edgar Allan Poe is notoriously morbid and terror-provoking. Poe’s â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher†, with its melancholically eerie tone, is undoubtedly a prime example of such writing. Much effort within the literary world has been devoted to the analysis and critique of Poe’s compositions. Among those to study and analyze Poe’s work is J.O. Bailey. Bailey’s argument concerning Poe’s underlying objective is valid and presentedRead More The Dark Side of Judge Pyncheon in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s Novel, The House of the Seven Gables557 Words   |  3 PagesThe Dark Side of Judge Pyncheon in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s Novel, The House of the Seven Gables People in society live in a masquerade. Everyone wears a decoratively adorned mask that displays beauty, purity, and service. However, behind the mask lies on the inside of all society. One will stop at nothing in order to be well liked, thus becoming hypocrites. In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s novel, The House of the Seven Gables, the narrator uses intense diction, a vivid selection of detail, and a shockingRead More The Analysis Of Light And Dark Essay879 Words   |  4 Pagesof Light and Dark Imagery Nathaniel Hawthornes The House of the Seven Gables, uses many qualities of symbolism which help develop the novels main ideas. Darkness is the emblematic color; of the Pyncheons. Contrasted with its opposite, light, it forms one of the major symbols of the novel: the opposition of dark and light. Hawthorne uses dark imagery throughout his novel to express a sense of decay, but he also uses light imagery to inject hope. Nathaniel Hawthorne in The House of the SevenRead MoreThe Movie Of The Conjuring1433 Words   |  6 Pageswitch which is considered as a dark presence. This movie poster is effective in introducing or raising awareness of the way is being presented by telling the readers that this film is based on a true story and by showing readers that it will have a mysterious person in search. In the movie, there is a new family of seven, five daughters and their pet dog that moves into an unfrequented farmhouse which took place in the 70s. Strange things have been happening to the house as well with the family, theyRead MoreEssay on Dubliners: Literary Analysis1385 Words   |  6 Pagesturn of the early 20th century. In Dubliners, faith and reason are represented using dark images and symbols. James Joyce uses these symbols to show the negative side of Dublin. In â€Å"The Sisters,† â€Å"The Boarding House,† and â€Å"The Dead† dark is expressed in many ways. James Joyce uses the light and dark form of symbolism in his imagination to make his stories come to life. The tale of â€Å"The Sisters† has dark images related to faith. Darkness is shown when the priest, Father Flynn, is lying in

Unveiling Truths of Occupied Palestine Essay - 1368 Words

Society’s prenotions and judgments of individual nationalities are ever changing. Ask an Israeli and a Palestinian about their thoughts of one another and the distinctions may be alarming. In recent times, when an Israeli hears the word â€Å"Palestinian† many negative connotations may come flooding to mind. The word â€Å"Palestinian† often evokes strong images; images such as stone throwers, rebels, terrorists, and above all, a menace to Israel. Ask a Palestinian about an Israeli, and the thoughts may be of militant brutality, people oppressors, and ultimately land stealers. But where do these negative paintings come from? And who is the artist? Do connotations held by the majority constitute absolute truth, or any truth for that matter? The†¦show more content†¦Based on this law, there is a clear breach due to the existence of settlements and outpost in the West Bank, East Jerusalem, the Golan Heights, and Gaza. â€Å"Settlements† are Jewish only communities that Israel established after 1967. As of today there are approximately 120 and growing.( Levs, 1) Tovah Lazaroff from the Jerusalem Post stated commented on one such settlement of Ofra that â€Å"A master plan for the settlement of 3,400 people was never approved and as such its buildings are considered unauthorized. The settlement’s situation is particularly complicated because many of the homes are situated on land that is privately owned by Palestinians† (Lazaroff, 1). Settlers pay Israelis up to $20,000 to move into settlements. Roads are built on land for settlers; these roads are prohibiting to Palestinians. Restricted Movement Movement in Palestine has been becoming increasingly restricted. These restrictions have occurred through the creation of countless checkpoints, installments of roadblocks, construction of isolating walls, and ever-growing settlement connecting roads. Dividing land and decelerating movement among Palestinians has ultimately resulted in debilitating the Palestinian economy and compelling Palestinians to flee or turn to resistance methods. (Bornstein, 106) While these

The Relation of a Midsummer Night’s Dream to Romeo and Juliet Essay Sample free essay sample

1. * What. historically. have been Apple’s competitory advantages? Apple’s mission is to do merchandises that were cutting border. designed attractively. and easy to utilize. They have been able to maintain this competitory advantage non merely by trusting on its ain proprietary designs but besides by declining to licence their hardware to 3rd parties. They tend to be a leader in new engineerings such as the first desktop solution. mp3 participant. and touch screen cell phone. Jobs believed profoundly in focal point while the old CEOs sought to broaden Apple’s merchandises. Apple had one of the narrowest merchandise lines of any company of comparable size. Jobs besides believed in utmost patterns of secretiveness. â€Å"closed door policy† in which cardinal cards accessed merely certain countries and dummy places for new hires until they could be trusted. Jobs wanted Apple to be a cultural force. 2. * How sustainable is Apple’s competitory place in PCs. We will write a custom essay sample on The Relation of a Midsummer Night’s Dream to Romeo and Juliet Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page MP3 participants. and smartphones? Personal computers: Looking back on how the Personal computer industry developed. Apple was the original pioneer. but they became overshadowed by IBM and Microsoft who would sell their rights to industries who could do a cheaper and about comparable device to Apple. As we have seen in the past few old ages. Apple has been able to hard currency in on developing new engineerings before anyone else has. Jobs’ thought of making a digital hub allows him to monopolise the consumers experience because all devices such as the iPod and iPad. which are extremely sought after. can merely be used if you purchase add-on through Apples shop. Apple besides has made their PC’s more compatible with other PC’s by working with Microsoft and supplying the capableness to utilize applications such as Microsoft Office. which is the most widely used creative activity package. They besides cooperated with Intel which allowed them to do their computing machines faster and more energy efficient. I believe that Apple’s competitory place is sustainable every bit long as they continue to come up with merchandises that are cutting border and clients are forced to purchase them foremost from Apple if they want to acquire their custodies on the latest and greatest engineerings. MP3 participants: When apple came out with the iPod in 2001 they secured a place in the MP3 market that no other rival could fit. The quality and capableness of the iPod surpassed that of its rivals and Apple shortly came out with new coevalss that out performed its old theoretical account. By 2010 Apple held more than 70 % of the MP3 market. Apple besides introduced iTunes which allows users to buy and salvage their music in any computing machine they choose and download to any Apple merchandise. This is the largest music catalog available and is the accelerator to acquire clients to purchase Apple merchandises. They make barely any money on the music. but people will buy the Apple merchandises to hold the whole experience. Sing these facts and the world that Apple has developed other merchandises such as the iPhone and iPad which allow you to utilize the same music interface and shop. they will go on to be the leader in MP3 participants. Smartphone: With the jobs that were created for Apple with the handiness of free listening on sites like Pandora and Spotify. Apple had to calculate out how to acquire clients to still utilize iTunes. With the innovation of the iPhone in 2007. there were able to non merely partially address that issue. but besides introduce a merchandise into the industry that was wholly different and could offer capablenesss that no other phone could. Even with all this to offer there were some draw dorsums. The first iPhone theoretical account was limited to a individual web that did non ever have the best service. bad battery life. and did non back up flash engineering. They were able to capture over 14 % of the smart phone market and introduced the Apple App Store which would convey in even more gross and benefits to clients which would convert them to purchase the iPhone. Overall people still continue to buy the iPhone and at that place seems to be a kind of â€Å"following† for Apple cre ated merchandises. so I do non believe that Apple will hold a job with keeping a place in the smart phone market. 3. What are Apple’s long-run chances for the iPad? The iPad was designed to be a in-between land between the smart phone and laptop. Some thought that the iPad would be a replacing for the Kindle fire but that was neer Jobs purpose. Eventually Jobs thought that the iPad would kill the laptop market but my personal sentiment is that it neer will. The capablenesss and design of the iPad does non ever provide the same experience that a laptop does. so lone clip will state where the iPad goes. 4. What advice would you offer the new CEO Tim Cook? * Global expansion—-like unfastened more shops worldwide* For iPhone—open phones to every bearer* Develop its one-to-one apple plan* Pursue stronger strategic confederations with package companies Assorted analogues in Romeo and Juliet and A Midsummer Night’s Dream tend to back up the theory that the two dramas are closely related. It is the intent of this paper to demo that wherever analogues exist. the relationship is likely from A Midsummer Night’s Dream to Romeo and Juliet. A close analysis of the spirit of the two dramas. and of the different attitudes towards love and life that they present. leads us to the decision that A Midsummer Night’s Dream is the natural reaction of Shakespeare’s head from Romeo and Juliet. It will be unneeded in this paper to show all the grounds bearing on the day of the months of composing of the two dramas. There can be small uncertainty that the first version of Romeo and Juliet appeared about 1591. The day of the month of the first version of the Dream is more debatable. The lone spot of external grounds is the reference of the drama in Francis Meres’s2 Palladis Tamiain 1598. but the strongest spot of internal evidence-the supposed mention to the decease of Robert Greene. in Act v. I. 52-3: The thrice three Muses mourning for the decease Of Learning. tardily deceased in begging would repair the day of the month at 1592-3. Assuming. so. that the Dream was written shortly. possibly instantly. after Romeo and Juliet. allow us see if a comparative survey of the two dramas will non back up our hypothesis. Wake up the pert and agile spirit of hilarity. turn melancholic Forth to funerals says Theseus in the first scene of the Dream. and later in the first scene of Act V: Lovers and lunatics have such seething encephalons. such formative phantasies. that apprehend More than cool ground of all time comprehends. The moonstruck. the lover. and the poet are of imaginativeness all compact. These two addresss of Theseus. to whom Shakespeare has given much of his ain clear eyed repose and benignancy. are. it seems to me. important manifestations of the poet’s ain mental attitude when he created the Dream. He has merely finished a passionate. romantic calamity of love ; in this calamity he has been led into slightly inordinate emotionalism-certainly more so than in any other play-his hero-lover has at times been â€Å"unseemly adult female in a seeming adult male. and ill-beseeming animal in looking both† ; â€Å"cool ground. † repose and poise have had no consequence upon the â€Å"seething brain† of the lover. Now Shakespeare’s ain encephalon is non usually a huming 1. he â€Å"blood and judgement are good commingled† ; true. he is non a Friar Laurence nor even a Theseus. but neither is he a Romeo. And now as he looks at his calamity of love. what feeling does do upon him? Be it remembered that we are now covering with the immature adult male. Shakespeare. non with the adult male who. out of the storm and emphasis of his psyche. evolved a Hamlet. and Othello. a Lear. or a Macbeth. but with the joyous. ebullient. deep-souled. clear-sighted poet of the early comedies. Is it non natural that to him. far more than to anyone else. the emotionality and sentimentalism of his calamity should look a trifle overdone and pathetic. and the tragic destiny of the lovers morbidly glooming? And so. agitating himself free of romantic ideals of love. he slightly questioningly allies lovers. madmans. and poets ; shows us in Theseus and Hippolyta the composure and calm love of in-between age ; represents the immature. romantic lovers ( the work forces. at least ) as taking themselves really earnestly. but in world being ruled wholly by he fairies. one minute enduring torments of love for one adult female. the following for another ; love a mere lunacy. wholly under the co ntrol of the faeries ( be it noted that the thaumaturgy juice has lasting consequence upon Demetrius ) ; and at the beginning of the drama strikes the keynote of it all: Wake up the pert and agile spirit of hilarity. turn melancholic Forth. The similarities between the state of affairs at the beginning of the Dream and the chief state of affairs in Romeo and Juliet are obvious. and it seems far more likely that Shakespeare borrowed and condensed stuff from Romeo and Juliet. for mere mechanical intents here. than that he developed a great tragic secret plan from this simple state of affairs in which he does non look to hold been peculiarly interested. Detailed comparing of the two state of affairss. giving support to this theory. follows. Lysander is accused by Egeus. the male parent of his lady. Hermia. of doing love much in Romeo†s mode this adult male hath bewitch’d the bosom of my kid: Thou. 1000. Lysander. 1000 hast given her frosts. And interchanged love-tokens with my kid: Thou hast by moonshine at her window sung4 Egeus is non unlike Capulet. and makes similar addresss. less barbarous to be certain. for ferociousness would non screen with the agile hilarity of this comedy. but no less oppressive. Compare. for illustration. Capulet’s words to Juliet ( III. v. 193-4 ) with Egeus’s to Hermia ( I. i. 42-4 ) Capulet: An you be mine. I†ll give you to my friend An you be non. bent. beg. starve. dice in the streets. and Egeus: As she is mine. I may dispose of her: Which shall be either to this gentleman or to her decease. When Lysander and Hermia are left entirely they indulge in a long and slightly unreal ailment of love. Lysander would look to hold been reading Romeo and Juliet. or at least some similar narrative. for he says: Ay me! for nothing that I could of all time read. Could of all time hear by narrative or history. The class of true love neer did run smooth and so ( the foremost in the series of hinderances in the class of true love and obviously a reminiscence of Romeo and Juliet ) : for either it was different in blood. Lysander returns. still maintaining Romeo and Juliet in head. and borrowing a really effectual simile signifier Juliet: Or. if there were a understanding in pick. War. decease. or illness did put besieging to it. Making it momentany as a sound. Swift as a shadow. short as any dream ; Brief as the lightning in thcollied dark. That. ion a lien. unflods both heaven and Earth. And ere a adult male hath power to state ‘Behold! ’ The jaws of darkness do devour it up: So speedy bright things come to confusion. Comparison with this Romeo and Juliet. II. two. 117-120: I have no joy of this contract tonight It is excessively rash. excessively ill-advised. excessively sudden. Too like the lighting. which doth cease to be Ere one can state ‘It lightens. ’ The lone thing in Romeo and Juliet which seems to me clearly to be borrowed from the Dream is Mercutio’s description of Queen Mab. It has the keen daintiness and delicacy of the descriptive transitions of the Dream. but it is non an built-in portion of Romeo and Juliet. and there is no peculiar ground why. in this drama. Shakespeare should be believing of faeries or fairy-land. Furthermore. if he had already conceived and created Queen Mab when he wrote the Dream. would he non likely have made some mention to her in the faery scenes of the latter? This is by no agencies. nevertheless. an insurmountable trouble in the constitution of our chief thesis. for the first edition of Romeo and Juliet was published after the composing of A Midsummer Night’s Dream. and the really episodic nature of the Queen Mab address makes it rather possible that it was a late add-on. â€Å"The boring. brief scene of Pyramus and Thisbe† is. I think. unimpeachably a burlesque non merely of the romantic calamity of love in general. but of Romeo and Juliet in peculiar. The two calamities are about indistinguishable. and it seems barely likely that any playwright would compose his burlesque foremost and his serious drama subsequently. May it non be. besides that â€Å"Wall† and â€Å"Moon† are the resultof Shakespeare’s ain troubles in showing on the phase the great Balcony-scene in Romeo and Juliet? There are many similarities of manner and look in the two dramas which have no bearing upon our chief point. For illustration. Helena’s description of love and its workings. at the terminal of Act I. Sc. i. is in the same tone as Romeo’s definition of love ( I. i. 196-200 ) ; Hermia’s vow to Lysander ( I. i. 169-178. peculiarly 169-72 ) is an reverberation of Mercutio’s incantation of Romeo ( II. I. 17-21 ) ; Bottom’s â€Å"O grim-looked night† ( V. i. 171-3 ) and the Nurse’s â€Å"O woebegone day† ( IV. v. 49-54 ) are cut from the same piece. Another instead funny comparing. which is of no significance except as it illustrates a sort of vernal inventiveness. is that of Quince’s prologue ( V. i. 108-117 ) where by declining to â€Å"stand upon points† he says the exact antonym of what he means. and Juliet’s witting and less artistic evasion and ambiguity in her conversation with her female parent about Tybal t and Romeo ( III. v. 84-103 ) . ENDNOTES 1. Brooke. Stopford. ( 1832-1916 ) Writer of On Ten Plays of Shakespeare. which includes unfavorable judgment and reading of William Shakespeare. 2. Francis Meres. Author of Palladis Tamia Wits Treasury. published in 1598. 3. A Midsummer Night’s Dream ( I. i. 13-14 ) . 4. A Midsummer Night’s DreamA Midsummer Night’s Dream ( I. i. 132-4 ) . 6. A Midsummer Night’s Dream ( I. i. 141-9 ) .

How each poet conveys the pleasure or pain of love Essay Example For Students

How each poet conveys the pleasure or pain of love Essay In this essay I am going to refer to six Pre 1914 poems and 3 poems in detail , I will also explore how each poet conveys the pleasure of pain and love. The anthology is about Love and Loss. Love is expresses in many ways. There is dedicated love where a person is dedicated to the person that they love, false love where a person is just having the person on, first love where a person instantly falls in love on first sight, brotherly love where a man loves another man like a brother for example in a war and also unrequited love where someone loves a person but the person does not acknowledge them. There are many types of love in the world today. There is also Loss where there are many ways in where a person has lost someone or they have died. The poems that I have studied all contain some sort of love and loss. Most have love whereas some have loss. Some of them are mixed with love and loss as well. Love and relationships are used a lot in these poems. The poems that I am going to compare and convey pain and love are * When We Two Parted by Lord Byron * Remember by Christina Rossetti * How Do I Love Thee by Elizabeth Barret Browning * A Birthday by Christina Rossetti * La Belle Dame Sans Merci by John Keats * First Love by John Clare In When We Two Parted a man talks to his ex-lover about how they separated from each other and that they had an affair together. He tells her that he is deeply upset and that he hears her name everywhere from other people describing her actions of what she does about sleeping with other men. He is humiliated to hear her name spoken badly of and that he feels shame when someone else mentions her name. He cannot reveal their secret and regrets having an affair with her. He says that if they should ever meet he will with anger. In Remember a woman talks about how she is going away and that she wants her lover to remember her when she is gone. But then she says if you forget me dont cry for me and to continue with your life. In How Do I Love Thee a woman tells a man about how she loves him and the ways in which she does. She sys that she will love him as much as her soul has a need to reach and she will love him also after death. In A Birthday a woman is describing to the audience about her birthday and what feelings she has as well as what will be at her birthday party. She is also excited because her lover is going to come home. In La Belle Dame Sans Merci a man finds another man near a like walking alone and the man reveals his tale about himself being a young knight who finds a young woman and is seduced by her looks and ways. He takes her on his horse and then finds himself he has never been before. The woman feeds her food that he has never eaten and then sung him a song and he then went to sleep. He had dreams about people and that they warned him about the woman. He then awoke and found himself where he is at the present time alone. In First Love a man tells the audience how he first met a girl and instantly fell in love with her. He describes her feelings towards her. He stares at her and she comes over to ask if he is ill and he replies that he isnt and then she walks away. He tells the audience it cannot be repeated again. The pain of love is where there is love but it all ends in pain and sadness. The poems that I am going to use to convey the pain of love are * When We Two Parted * Remember The poem When We Two Parted had four stanzas and an abab cdcd rhyme. It was written by Lord George Byron and this is interesting because society does not expect men to express their feelings so openly especially love in such an emotional way. The poem Remember has no stanzas and is written as a long paragraph. It was written by Christina Rossetti. It is a sonnet as it has 14 lines and 10 syllables in each line. I think the poet Lord Byron has called this When We Two Parted because the events that are in this poem may have actually happened to him in real life. From the title When We Two Parted I think that the poem is going to be about a relationship that has broken up in pieces e.g. we parted. This tells the reader that it is about 2 people splitting up. The poet sounds like he is addressing it to the woman in the poem. I know this because it says Pale grew thy cheek and cold. This tells me that he is not addressing me but the woman. I think that Christina Rossetti called this poem Remember because that in her earlier life because of her grandfather who published her poems when she was younger into a book. In Remember I think that a person has gone and that they do not want the other person to remember them judging by the title. The poet is addressing the person Remember me when I am gone away. The poet conveys the pain of love as he says when we two parted in silence in tears. This suggests to the reader that they split up with the woman being silent and the man crying in tears. Tears suggest in this break up that it was a very sad event for the man. In my opinion this tells me that the man was in very much pain if he was crying as men do not normally cry and only do when something very emotional has happened to them. In the first stanza it also says half broken hearted telling the reader that the man is upset but not as very much. Her cold reaction shows that their split will affect him later on truly that hour foretold sorrow to this. This tells the reader that he will be sad later on. Also it says pale grew thy cheek and cold suggesting that before the split up the woman was growing colder towards him as not loving him that much anymore. The poet in Remember conveys the pain of love even though they are not quite as painful as the ones in When We Two Parted. The woman says Gone far away into the silent land. This tells the reader that she is going to go far away where there is silence. The love in When We Two Parted is unrequited as the man loves the woman but the woman does not love him back and uses him. The poet conveys this by thy vows are all broken. This tells the reader that the woman has broken all her promises to him. In the second stanza pathetic fallacy is used as it says the dew of the morning sunk chill on my brow. This morning is related to what the man feels when he wakes up and that is sadness. The poet conveys the pain of love in Remember when she says when you can no more hold me by the hand. This tells the reader that the woman was very close to someone by them holding hands. The love in this poem is dedicated love because in this poem she is clearly telling her lover to remember her and that she would want him to be happy even if being forgotten Better by far you should forget and smile. The language in When We Two Parted is archaic where it is old. I can tell it is archaic because of the quote pale grew thy. Thy is not used in the modern world and instead it will be your. The language is also simple and easy to read but some archaic words are hard to understand their meaning such as knell. The word knell is a funeral bell and the quote Thy name thee before me a knell to mine ear. This tells the reader that the man when hearing his ex-lovers name hears is like a funeral bell calling to him. The language in Remember is easy and simple to read then that of When We Two Parted. It consists of 14 lines which make it easier to read than When We Two Parted. The third stanza in When We Two Parted tells about his feelings when he hears her name. In the first line he says thy vows are all broken indicating to the reader that she has broken all of her promises to him and that he has been let down by her. He hears her name is humiliated that her name is being spoken so badly I hear thy name and share in its shame. This tells the reader that he regrets having the affair with the woman. In Remember in the fourth line she tells her lover that she is about to go but stops when she is about and wants to stay nor I half turn to go yet turning stay. This tells the reader the woman loves him very much. In the forth stanza of When We Two Parted the man talks about her name being spoken badly and tells her why did he love her so much why wert thou so dear?. This tells the reader when he hears her name he regrets loving her so much. The man says that he knew her very well and that people did not know and that he regrets knowing her and that he and that he is bitter very much long , long shall I rue thee too deeply to tell. This tells the reader that he doesnt want to know her and that he is very angry with her and will be for a long time. The poet conveys the pain of love in this stanza because of her memory and that he wants to forget her and that she has a painful memory of her that he will be very angry at and bitter. In Remember she wants him only to remember her a lot after she goes because there wont be any time left to say goodbye only remember me; you understand it will be too late to counsel or pray. She also says that if you do forget then that he should not be sad yet if you do forget me for a while and afterwards remember do not grieve. This tells the reader that the woman does not want him to be sad if he forgets and then remembers again. The author conveys the pain of love because the lover will forget her and that he will be sad that she is gone. In the last stanza of When We Two Parted the man says that they met in secret in secret we met. Pain of love is conveyed here because he grieves in silence of his feelings towards her and that she has forgotten so easilyin silence I grieve that thy heart could forget. This tells the reader that he is sad that she forgot so easily. Pain is also conveyed in the poem because of her deception and betrayal in loving him thy spirit deceive. This tells the reader that she played him like a fool and that she used false love to get to him. Pain of love has been put to use in these last lines after long years how should I greet thee? With silence and tears. This tells the reader that he has deeply affected by their split and that he his emotions are that of anger, pain and sadness. Robert Frost - Desert Places and Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening EssayLa Belle Dame Sans Merci was written by John Keats. I think he called this because of his mother dieing and to make an impression on the season autumn. I also think it was because oh his obsessive love Fanny Brawne a near neighbour in Hampstead. The title means woman without mercy. From the title I think it is about a woman who has no mercy and that she will cause pain. The title of the poem suggests that the person who is involved in the story is being in love for the first time. The first line of the poem makes the reader think that the man was hit on the head and this conveys pain of love I neer was struck before that hour. This tells the reader that the ma has never fallen in love like this before. The second line conveys the pleasure of love with love so sudden and so sweet. This tells the reader that the man has the feeling of sweetness. The second line also uses alliteration because it uses the s sound so many times so sudden sweet . This tells the reader that the man was struck so suddenly and fell in love. The poet the uses the simile her face it bloomed like a sweet flower. This suggests that the man can see her beauty inside of her ad it is like a flower. This is so far the pleasure of love but then it changes into the pain of love as he says my face turned pale as deadly pale. The reader now thinks the love is threatening and resembles a disease which is an unlike view to before where the love was not painful. This is dissimilar to the start of La Belle Dame Sans Merci. The title of the poem suggests that it is French. There are two voices in this poem and this is the narrator and the knight. The poem is a ballad and consists of twelve stanzas each having an a-b-c-b rhyme scheme. The first three stanzas start of with the narrator addressing the knight asking him what is wrong and why is he on a cold hill what can ail thee knight at arms? This tells the reader that the man is curious to know what is wrong with the knight. The pain of love is conveyed because of the knights features as the man describes them to the knight so haggard and woe begone and I see a lilly on thy brow. This tells the reader that the knight has suffered many hardships due to what a woman has done to him. This is unlike First Love because First Love talks about the pleasure of love and less that of the pain. In First Love the end lines of the first stanza seem to give the pain of love my legs refused to walk away , and when she looked what could I ail , my life and all seemed turned to clay. These lines indicate to the reader that the man is suffering from her gaze and face and that the word clay is showing that is life is worth nothing and is like clay. The clay represents statue and death and no life as well as cold. When the poet says in the second stanza in the first line blood rushed to my face it tells the reader that the man is embarrassed when the lady talked to him. When his blood rushes to his face it says in the second line what it did to him and took my sight away. This tells the reader that the blood rushing to his face has blinded him by love and is blushing and that it also tells the reader that he feels so overwhelmed that he cannot see anything but his love for this woman. This is similar to La Belle Dame Sans Merci as the next six stanzas are told of the knights love. In La Belle Dame Sans Merci the knight tells his tale to the man in the next six stanzas about how he met a girl I met a lady in the meads full beautiful- a fairys child. This tells the reader that the knight is describing the woman as how he saw her as mythical being. The old spelling of faery gives the reader of a sense of age. The third stanza describes what he did for her I made a garland for her head and bracelets too and fragrant zone; she lookd at me as she did love. This tells the reader that the knight thinks that the woman loves him. He then says he put her on his horse and he saw nothing else all day because she would move and block his gaze and sing nothing else saw all day for sidelong would she bend and sing a faerys song. This makes the reader wonder if she is not that truthful as she seems as she is blocking his view from where they are going and she is singing a song which makes the reader think is it a spell that she is singing rather than a song. In First Love the man does not seem to think it is the woman who is causing him to do this irregular behaviour. In the second stanza in the last lines the man seems to think that the day has turned into night due to his blindness seemed midnight at noonday. This tells the reader that because of this love it is making him see illusions. In the text it says they spoke as chords do from the string. This tells the reader that the man he is portraying his feelings like music effects a persons emotions. When it says in the last line and blood burnt round my heart this conveys the pain of love as it describes that the blood is very hot and burning him in pain. In La Belle Dame Sans Merci the man describes what the woman did when travelling to where they were going she found me roots of relish sweet and honey wild and manna dew and sure in language strange she said I love thee true. This tells the reader that she is feeding him some unknown and strange food and makes them think is he poisoning him and also when she says I love thee true it is the pleasure of love that this remark is quoting. In the eight stanza the woman takes the knight into her elfin grot. This tells the reader that the knight was taken by the woman to an enchanted place. Then she started crying and then the knight closed her eyes and kissed her and there she wept and sighd full sore, and there I shut her wild eyes with kisses four. This makes the reader think that the woman wants the man to feel sorry for her because she is crying so he kisses her to keep quiet. In First Love in the third stanza it says are flowers the winters choice? Is loves bed always snow? This tells the reader that the experience of first love was unpleasant and cold. These lines are metaphors of cold. He wanted the girl to know of his existence of love for her. Love is supposed to be warm, joyful and tranquil but the man thinks it is cold as snow and that it is painful and harsh. In the third line of the third stanza it uses alliteration she seemed to hear my silent voice. This makes the reader think that he is accepting what it feels like to be rejected. He then says I never saw so sweet a face as that I stood before: my heart has left its dwelling place and can return no more. This tells the readers that first love cant be repeated and his heart is completely lost to her in addition to that she has stolen it forever can return no more. This conveys the pain of love. This is similar to the ending of La Belle Dame Sans Merci. In La Belle Dame Sans Merci the last four stanzas are about what happened to the man she lulled me to sleep. This tells the reader that the woman have sung a spell over him to go to sleep. He then says he dreamed and there I dreamd-ah woe betide. This tells the reader that the dreams he sees are nightmares instead of dreams. In his dreams he says he saw pale kings and princes too, pale warriors, death-pale were they all; they cried-La Belle Dame sans Merci Hath thee in thrall! This suggests to the reader that the knight is looking at the ghosts of dead important people and that they are warning him that he is trapped by the woman. In the second to last stanza he sees their expressions on their faces and then he wakes him on the cold hill side I saw their starved lips in the gloam, with their horrid warning gaped wide and I awoke and found me here on the cold hill side. This tells the reader that the people suffered because of the lady and that they made him awake. He wakes up and finds it is winter. In the last stanza the knight repeats what the narrator said and this is why I sojourn here. This tells the reader that he has waited a long time to awake. The two poems are similar because they display the same feelings that are in each. The language in both of these is also archaic. They make the poem feel old. They both are related to because of their conveyance of the mixture of pain and love that are expressed in each of them. My conclusion is that these six poems are all linked together as they all describe the feelings and emotions of love. I think that the key difference between these six poems is that they all have different endings. All poems are effective in expressing their ideas relating to the theme of love. I clearly understand the poets description of love. All of the poems are related to real life experience. Lord Byron relates his poem because of his rejection by Lady Caroline Ponsonby. Christina Rossetti relates her poem because of her love for her grandfather and for the amount of birthdays she had. Elizabeth Barret Browning relates her poem for her love for her husband Robert Browning. John Keats relates his poem because his mother dieing and John Clare relates his poem to when he was rejected by a rich farmers daughter. My favourite poem is When We Two Parted because it moved me because of his emotions towards the woman he loved and that he rejected him as well as playing him along. I found it easy to analyse as all the others were a bit to hard to understand. I liked the fact that the ideas and his emotions went a lot deeper that I first appreciated. The poet gives out the real emotions a person feels after they have separated from them and how it affects them. I like this poem because it tells the truth of how painful love can be.

Waiting Line Management free essay sample

However, being satisfied with the service seems to be insufficient for customers to remain loyal. Creating customer loyalty is even more crucial than just satisfying them. The paper aims to investigate how customers weigh up their service satisfaction and waiting time satisfaction in order to determine whether they will remain loyal or not. Design/methodology/approach – A survey was conducted in the Belgian health care industry. The final sample includes 946 respondents. Regression analyses were performed and the Baron and Kenny method used to test moderator and mediator impacts of variables. Findings – The results confirm that waiting time satisfaction is not only a service satisfaction determinant, but it also moderates the satisfaction-loyalty relationship. Moreover, determinants of customer waiting time satisfaction include the perceived waiting time, the satisfaction with information provided in case of delays, and the satisfaction with the waiting environment. In addition, it is shown that waiting time satisfaction is a complete mediating variable in the perceived waiting time and service satisfaction link. Originality/value – The paper suggests several implications about the waiting time impacts on service satisfaction and customer loyalty. They show the importance of this variable in the service process and explain how to improve it. Keywords Customer loyalty, Customer satisfaction, Service levels Paper type Research paper Introduction Many service companies worry about the length of their queues because customer waiting time is considered as having a negative influence on consumer service perception. Time is valued by both partners. On the one hand, service companies may lose transactions if waiting time is too long; and on the other, consumers consider waiting time as a sacrifice to get the service. It is one of the reasons that more and more service customer-oriented companies position their offer on time advantage for consumers. Lovelock and Gummesson (2004) insist on the central role played by time in most services and recommend paying more attention to improving the understanding of how customers perceive, budget, consume and value time. Several research studies focus on the relationship between waiting time and satisfaction (Hui and Tse, 1996; Pruyn and Smidts, 1998). Many other studies The current issue and full text archive of this journal is available at www. emeraldinsight. com/0960-4529. htm MSQ 17,2 174 Managing Service Quality Vol. 17 No. 2, 2007 pp. 174-193 q Emerald Group Publishing Limited 0960-4529 DOI 10. 1108/09604520710735182 emphasize the link between customer satisfaction and their loyalty (e. g. , Anderson, 1994; Dick and Basu, 1994; Fornell et al. 1996; Selnes, 2001; Mittal and Kamakura, 2001; Olsen, 2002). Very few studies focus on the influence of waiting time satisfaction on loyalty and that is confined to the fast food industry (Law et al. , 2004). To the best of our knowledge, no study has yet evaluated the influence of waiting time or waiting time satisfaction on the satisfaction-loyalty relationship. The objective of this research is threefold. We look into the determinants of waiting time s atisfaction and examine the mediating role of the latter variable between these determinants and the service satisfaction. We also investigate the influence of customer waiting time satisfaction on the existing relationship between customer satisfaction and loyalty. A major contribution to this research is the consideration of waiting time satisfaction as a factor that, in addition to being a determinant of customer satisfaction, may also moderate the satisfaction-loyalty relationship. Conceptual background Waiting time Service perishability gives rise to many problems for service providers and these intensify when service demand fluctuates. To tackle this major problem, firms adopt strategies to match capacity and demand (Bateson and Hoffman, 1999; Lovelock and Lapert, 1999; Zeithaml and Bitner, 2002). One of the first strategies adopted is to flex capacity to meet demand. During periods of peak demand, the organization expands its capacity by adding new resources such as people, facilities and equipment. Second, companies may try to smooth demand. Companies can motivate consumers by making their offer more attractive during low demand periods. Companies may also choose to use reservation in order to spread the demand evenly. However, even with booking, service providers experience difficulties in minimizing delay in service delivery. When demand and capacity cannot be aligned, waiting line strategies can still be found. Among waiting line strategies, we find making wait more fun or tolerable, differentiating waiting customers and choosing an appropriate waiting line configuration (Zeithaml and Bitner, 2002). Despite the implementation of all these strategies, when customer waiting time is too long, companies may indeed make consumers dissatisfied. Service providers may even miss one or several sale occasions; and even worse lose a loyal customer, despite an effective service recovery strategy. But what characterizes a long waiting time? The waiting time has four aspects: objective, subjective, cognitive and affective: (1) The objective waiting time is the elapsed time as measured by a stopwatch by customers before being served (Davis and Vollman, 1990; Katz et al. , 1991; Taylor, 1994). (2) The subjective waiting time is the customers’ estimation of time waited. In previous research studies, the subjective aspect is measured by means of the perceived waiting time (Hui and Tse, 1996; Pruyn and Smidts, 1998). Unsurprisingly, the estimated time depends on objectively measured elapsed time (Hornick, 1984; Pruyn and Smidts, 1998; Antonides et al. , 2002). (3) The cognitive aspect of the wait is the consumers’ evaluation of the wait as being (or not being) acceptable, reasonable, tolerable (Durrande-Moreau, 1999) as well as considered to be short versus long (Pruyn and Smidts, 1998). Waiting time influence 175 4) The affective aspect of the wait consists of emotional responses to waiting such as irritation, boredom, frustration, stress, pleasure, happiness, etc . . . (Taylor, 1994; Hui and Tse, 1996; Pruyn and Smidts, 1998). According to Pruyn and Smidts (1998), these affective and cognitive aspects form the appraisal of the wait. In this study, we use waiting time satisfaction as being the main variable measuring customer evaluation of the wait. According to Maister (1985), the gap between the perception and expectation for waiting experience determines the customer satisfaction with waiting. Davis and Heineke (1994) specify Maister’s definition, replacing â€Å"perception† by â€Å"performance interpretation†, noting that perception depends on both the customer’s interpretation of the service encounter and the actual service performance. During the last decade, many definitions of overall satisfaction have been proposed, underlining the cognitive and/or affective constituents of the concept (Oliver, 1993). Regarding waiting time, both aspects seem to be appropriate (Durrande-Moreau, 1999). Consequently, we consider waiting time satisfaction as a post-experience, judgmental evaluation including both cognitive and affective aspects of waiting; and measuring the extent to which the perceived waiting period matches the customer’s expectations for a specific transaction. Determinants of waiting time satisfaction Several factors are considered as leading to evaluation of wait (Maister, 1985). Past results show evidence that the objective and subjective waiting time have negative effects on affective and cognitive responses to waiting. Indeed, Taylor (1994) shows that delay (measured by a combination of objective and subjective aspects) significantly influences the feelings of anger. Moreover, Pruyn and Smidts (1998) find that the perceived waiting time affects the cognitive dimension of the wait appraisal. Consequently, we do consider perceived waiting time as a determinant of waiting time satisfaction. On the other hand, we do not take into account the objective waiting time for two reasons. First, previous research studies in the psychophysics and marketing literature show a significant correlation between perceived and objective measures of time. Second, customer reactions to waiting are more strongly influenced by the subjective component of waiting time than by the objective one (Hornick, 1984; Pruyn and Smidts, 1998). Indeed, real waiting time is an antecedent of perceived waiting time rather than an antecedent of waiting time satisfaction (Pruyn and Smidts, 1998). Therefore as presented in our conceptual model shown in Figure 1, we expect that: H1. The perceived waiting time will negatively affect the customer waiting time satisfaction. Others variables determine waiting time satisfaction. These factors are the information provided in case of delay (Hui and Tse, 1996; Antonides et al. , 2002) and the characteristics of the waiting environment (Pruyn and Smidts, 1998). In addition to being considered as an economic cost, waiting has an adverse psychological effect; consumers facing uncertainty about the wait length, experience significant stress. Studies have suggested that any information on the waiting duration can reduce the uncertainty of the wait and lower the overall level of stress experienced by consumers (Maister, 1985). Previous research highlights the impact of queuing information and waiting duration information on the cognitive and affective aspect of the wait when the wait is long (Hui and Tse, 1996) and during busy periods (Clemmer and Schneider, MSQ 17,2 176 1989). Moreover, the uncertainty influences service evaluation through consumers’ affective responses to the wait (Taylor, 1994). Consequently, we suggest that reducing the uncertainty by providing satisfying information about the delay will positively influence customer waiting time satisfaction: H2. Customer satisfaction with information provided in case of delay will positively influence their waiting time satisfaction. The attractiveness of the waiting environment is related to its physical design in terms of comfort, space and decor. Service environment influences the affective aspects of waiting time (Baker and Cameron, 1996). A pleasant environment promotes positive feelings within consumers. Pruyn and Smidts (1998) show that perceived attractiveness positively influences the affective response to the wait, a known component of waiting time satisfaction. So, we anticipate that satisfaction with the environment will positively affect the customer satisfaction with waiting time: H3. The greater the satisfaction with the environment, the more waiting time satisfaction. In our conceptual framework, we consider the waiting time satisfaction as a key variable. No other studies explicitly used this specific construct. Pruyn and Smidts (1998) used the appraisal of the wait as a central concept in their theoretical framework. The appraisal of the wait included two components: the cognitive and the affective aspects of wait. In their operationalization of the construct, they used these two components separately. To our knowledge, no other research has included the three determinants in the same model. Waiting time satisfaction and services satisfaction Along with income and price, time can be considered as a constraint in consumer purchasing choice (Becker, 1965; Umesh et al. , 1989). In choosing a service provider, Figure 1. Waiting time satisfaction: its hypothetical determinants and effects on the satisfaction-loyalty relationship Waiting time influence 177 onsumers weigh up a number of benefits against the money, effort, and psychic costs of buying and using the service; time spent in obtaining the service is just such a cost. The authors consider waiting time satisfaction and service satisfaction as being two constructs related to a specific transaction. Service satisfaction is the overall evaluation of the service transaction and waiting time satisfaction is a determinant of the latter. Several stu dies show that delays have negative effects on the overall service evaluation (Katz et al. , 1991; Taylor, 1994; Hui and Tse, 1996; Kumar et al. , 1997; Dube? Rioux et al. , 1989); and, more precisely, on satisfaction with the service (Pruyn and Smidts, 1998). Furthermore, customers’ anger and their evaluation of punctuality affect the overall service performance (Taylor, 1994). Similarly, Hui and Tse (1996) find that the affective response to the wait influences the service evaluation. Moreover, Pruyn and Smidts (1998) demonstrate that the appraisal of wait, i. e. both cognitive and affective dimensions, positively influence the service satisfaction. Therefore we hypothesize that: H4. Waiting time satisfaction will positively influence the satisfaction with the service. Authors do not agree on the role of the perceived waiting time – whether it directly or indirectly influences (through the cognitive and/or the affective component of waiting time satisfaction) the service evaluation. Hui and Tse’s (1996) results indicate that the perceived waiting duration and the affective response to the wait separately have an impact on the service evaluation. On the other hand, Pruyn and Smidts (1998) demonstrate that perceived waiting time influences the service satisfaction through the appraisal of wait (i. e. both cognitive and affective dimensions). Consistent with Pruyn and Smidts (1998), we expect that waiting time satisfaction will have a complete mediating role in the relationship between the perceived waiting time and the service satisfaction. Indeed, once waiting time satisfaction is considered as being a determinant of the service satisfaction, the perceived waiting time effect on the service satisfaction will disappear: H5. The perceived waiting time will have no direct impact on the service satisfaction but will have an indirect impact through its influence on waiting time satisfaction. Information provided in case of delay is not expected to have a direct effect on the service satisfaction. Indeed, according to Hui and Tse’s (1996) information about delay influences the service evaluation through the effect on the acceptability of the wait and on the affective response to delays. Therefore, we expect that: H6. The satisfaction with the information provided in case of delay will have no direct impact on the service satisfaction but will have an impact through its influence on waiting time satisfaction. On the other hand, the environment is expected to have a direct effect on service satisfaction in addition to its indirect effect mentioned in H3. In service literature, tangibility is considered to be a dimension of perceived service quality (Parasuraman et al. , 1988). This tangible dimension refers, inter alia, to the service facilities, decors, brochures, signage and employees’ appearance. Rust and Oliver (1993) treat the service environment as a particular component of quality. They focus on the structure of the internal and external environments to provide quality service. Pruyn and Smidts (1998) show that the perceived attractiveness of the environment influences the service satisfaction in addition to the appraisal of the wait. Thus, we propose that: MSQ 17,2 178 H7. The satisfaction with the waiting environment will have a direct impact on service satisfaction. From service satisfaction to service loyalty The weight of evidence from previous studies suggests that customers’ evaluation of waiting time negatively affects the customer satisfaction. Law et al. (2004) focus on the effect of waiting time and service dimensions on repurchasing behavior and customer satisfaction. Their results indicate that difference in waiting time and wait satisfaction respectively influences customer satisfaction and repurchasing frequency, dependently on the timing of the visit. They demonstrate the interest of evaluating the effect waiting time satisfaction has on the behavioral dimension of loyalty. However, no author has investigated how waiting time impacts on the customer’s satisfaction-loyalty relationship with the service provider. Building the link between customers’ satisfaction and loyalty is a priority for companies who have allocated many resources to evaluate their customers’ satisfaction. Indeed, customer retention is of prime importance. The cost of retaining an existing customer is less than the cost of acquiring a new one, or maintaining a newly acquired customer (Reichheld, 1996). Several studies show evidence that there is a direct and strongly positive link between customer satisfaction and loyalty (Fornell, 1992; Anderson, 1994). Customer satisfaction is recognized as being an antecedent of customer loyalty (Anderson, 1994; Dick and Basu, 1994; Fornell et al. , 1996; Bolton, 1998; Mittal and Kamakura, 2001). Moreover, prior research questioned the linear relationship between satisfaction and customer loyalty (Anderson and Mittal, 2000; Bowman and Narayandas, 2001). The form of the relationship varies according to the industry, the competitiveness and the customers’ willingness/constraint to pursue the relationship (Jones and Sasser, 1995; Mittal and Baldasare, 1996). Nevertheless, customer satisfaction is not the only predictor of customer loyalty (Reichheld, 1996). Other factors such as switching barriers (Patterson and Smith, 2003) and customer characteristics (Mittal and Kamakura, 2001) affect customer loyalty. The complexity of the relationship between satisfaction and loyalty has lead several authors (Bloemer and De Ruyter, 1999; Homburg and Giering, 2001) to study moderator effects. Among moderating variables, we find personal characteristics such as demographic and psychological variables (e. g. variety seeking, age and income) (Homburg and Giering, 2001). In this research, we investigate the effect of waiting time satisfaction on the relationship between customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. Waiting time satisfaction can also be considered as a personal variable resulting from an evaluation of the interaction between the service provider and the client. This interaction concerns not only the wait, but also the waiting condition (see H1-H3). We expect that waiting time satisfaction will have a moderating effect on the link between service satisfaction and loyalty. A moderator effect implies that the moderator variable (the waiting time satisfaction) modifies the form of the relationship (i. e. the slope of the regression line) between the independent variable (the service satisfaction) and the dependent variable (the loyalty). In other words, the effect of the service satisfaction on loyalty varies according to the satisfaction with the waiting time. Indeed, the relationship between satisfaction and loyalty will be stronger when customers are dissatisfied with waiting time than the contrary. More precisely, when customers are not satisfied with waiting time, the service satisfaction should be higher to ensure customer loyalty. Customers are prepared to wait longer when the service satisfaction is high than when it is low. Waiting time influence 179 They may consider the waiting time as a sacrifice required to obtain a high level of service quality. If customer satisfaction with the service is low, they may not accept to put up with a long wait. Therefore, they may be disloyal with the service provider on the next purchasing occasion. Thus, we hypothesize that: H8. Waiting time satisfaction will moderate the effect of service satisfaction on loyalty. Method Survey procedure The data collected concern the waiting experiences of radiological outpatients in six hospitals in Belgium. Each of these hospital sites are different in size and are situated in various regions, all of an urban or semi-urban character. The Belgian health care industry, and particularly this type of service, is characterized as being competitive. Patients have the freedom to choose their hospital. Services studied include all types of radiological examination such as X-ray, magnetic resonance imaging, scan, Doppler, mammography and similar services . . . The study was conducted from Monday to Friday over three consecutive weeks. In spring 2003, each adult patient having an appointment in one of the radiological units received a self-administrated satisfaction questionnaire completed by patients before leaving the hospital. The final sample was composed of 946 adults. A total of 64 percent of the respondents were female and their ages covered the whole range from 18 to 92 (mean 54). Measures To measure the perceived waiting time, respondents were invited to classify the delay of their scheduled appointment into one of predefined categories: less than 30 minutes (79 percent of respondents), between 30 minutes and one hour (18 percent), and more than one hour (3 percent). Consistent with Pruyn and Smidts (1998), who find that the maximum acceptable waiting time for the majority of patients does not exceed 30 minutes, we consider two principal categories: more or less than 30 minutes. Waiting time satisfaction, the satisfaction with information provided in case of delay and the satisfaction with the waiting environment were measured on five-point scales (ranging from highly unsatisfactory to highly satisfactory). One item was used for each concept except for the satisfaction with the waiting environment for which three items were used. These three items were: (1) comfort in the waiting room; (2) seating availability in the waiting room; and (3) the appearance and de? cor of the premises. These items reveal to be one-dimensional (a factor analysis indicates that the three items load on the same factor and explain 80 percent of the total variance) with a good reliability (Cronbach alpha ? 0:87). A composite scale representing satisfaction with the waiting environment was formed by averaging these items. Then, the overall satisfaction of the patients’ visit to the radiological unit was measured by asking subjects to give their global evaluation of the service experience (on five-point semantic scale ranging from highly dissatisfied to highly satisfied). Outpatients’ loyalty was assessed by asking respondents if they intended to recommend this service unit to relatives and their intention to choose the same hospital in case of necessity to undergo MSQ 17,2 180 another radiological examination (on five-point semantic scale from certainly not to certainly). These variables represent the behavioral-intention dimension of loyalty (Zeithaml et al. , 1996; Chauduri and Holbrook, 2001). This scale appears to be one-dimensional (a factor analysis reveals that the two items load on the same factor and explain 89. 75 percent of the total variance) with a high reliability (Cronbach alpha ? :88). A composite scaled was formed with these two items. Finally, two questions enabled to distinguish patients in terms of their age and sex. Results Determinants of waiting time satisfaction In order to study the determinants of waiting time satisfaction, we performed a regression analysis. The results are presented in Table I. The dependent variabl e is waiting time satisfaction and the independent variables[1] are the perceived waiting time, the satisfaction with the information provided in case of delay and the satisfaction with the waiting environment.

The Determinants For Demand In Tourism In Greece Essay Example

The Determinants For Demand In Tourism In Greece Essay The relative and absolute importance of tourism in peoples expenditure budgets has risen dramatically, with consequences not only for the welfare of tourists themselves but also for the residents of the areas they visit. The large numbers of tourists and the scale of their expenditures has considerable effects on the income, employment, government revenue, balance of payments, environments and culture of destination areas. A fall in demand can bring about decreases in living standards and rises in unemployment, while increased demand can result in higher employment, income, output and/or inflation and may threaten environmental quality and sustainability (Sinclair M, Stabler M, 2002). Even though the demand for tourism in a very important sector in tourism economics, no so much attention were given to explore this area and to conduct a throughout research on it. This paper reviews and analyzes key factors that affect the demand for tourism in Greece from both positive and negative prospective. Investigating the demand for tourism is the background for the successful strategy planning in companies with tourism-related activities whereas better knowledge of demand in tourism can also be of assistance to policymakers in planning strategies for this industry. The demand of tourism can be determined either by the number of tourists coming from their countries to a destination country or by their expenditures in the destination country. It is difficult to model tourism demand because tourism involves a broad range of activities. According to OHagan and Harrison (1984) tourism demand has a special nature for a number of reasons. First of all it is a demand for a number of goods and services, and no production sector tourism actually exists, which cases doubt for some on the existence of tourism as a concrete economic entity (OHagan, J.W. Harrison, M.J., 1984). We will write a custom essay sample on The Determinants For Demand In Tourism In Greece specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Determinants For Demand In Tourism In Greece specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Determinants For Demand In Tourism In Greece specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Secondly, the demand for tourism can be of two types: tourism as private consumption or as part of production (business trips). In most cases personal and pleasure travel used to be a dominant, however, business travelers usually consume services similar to those who travel for personal reasons. And finally, tourism goods and services are not transported to their users, but rather the consumers are transported to the goods and services (OHagan, J and Harrison M.,1984). As a result of this tourism flows become more sensitive to a number non-economic factors such as political stability, transportation costs and facilities, technological forces, socio-cultural issues, etc. in a country of destination. The determinants of tourism demand were investigated in a number of studies and several researchers suggest that the demand for tourism is primarily determined by income of the purchaser, prices of commodities (accommodations, food, local transportation, amusement) in a destination country compared with other destination, exchange rate, the cost of international travel (Sinclair M., Stabler M., 2002; Garin-Munoz T., Amaral T., 2000; Walsh M.,1996). Also the demand for travel can be positively affected either by random events such as Olympic Games, for instance, that attract extra tourists, or can be influenced negatively by major external factors like, for example, terrorism, SARS, or political instability within the country. The latest factors resulted in tourist arrivals drop worldwide during the last two years, aroused travelers fears for safety and made tourists avoid air transportation. According to the World Tourism Organization Greece held the 16th place internationally on the list of tourist destinations in 2002, while 90% of arrivals were from Europe, which is considered to be Greeces primary tourist market. According to Economist Intelligence Unit statistics the total number of arrivals in 2002 was closer to 12,7 mln tourists. Tourism represents about 10% of the domestic income of Greece (2003). Two-thirds of tourists are from the European Union (around 9 million), the majority of whom come from the U.K., Germany, Italy, France and Austria. Tourists from outside EU mainly are coming from the USA, Japan, Canada, Australia (WTO, 2003). The approach of the Athens 2004 Olympics has brought increased optimism regarding the future of the Greek tourism industry. It is estimated that approximately 145,000 visitors per day will visit the Games and be accommodated in hotels, cruise ships, campsites and residential houses. Apart from the fact that in the immediate future, tourists will probably be attracted to potentially safer destinations, the staging of the Olympic Games will have a determining effect on the future image of Greece and its potential in tourism. Income and price factors play an important role in determining the demand for international tourism. Growth in real income provides consumers with increased spending power. The larger the countrys purchasing power the more likely its citizens can afford to purchase a good or service from abroad (Walsh M., 1996). According to Garin-Minoz and Amaral the level of income in the country of origin is measured by the Gross National Product GNP (2000). Walsh Mary (1996) analyzed different studies regarding the relationship between income and tourism demand. The income variable is represented differently, however, in her studies she suggested to use data representing discretionary income per capita, i.e. personal disposable income per capita in each country. After having the GNP of other countries expressed in US dollars, we divide them by the population of each country and obtain their values in per capita terms. As was mentioned before, main countries that are generating tourism flows for Greece are Germany, Austria, Great Britain, USA, Italy and France. Real income growth in those countries can be assumed to relate positively to real per capita demand for Greek tourism. Another important variable here is the price of tourist services in Greece compared to relative prices in other Mediterranean destinations. The tourism sector meets an increasing competition in the face of other Mediterranean destinations like Turkey, Egypt, Tunisia and Morocco, as well as Spain and Portugal. Meanwhile the newly developed destinations like Slovenia, Croatia and Bulgaria also registered the increase of tourists compared with the previous years. This factor can affect the demand for tourism in Greece in terms of decreasing the number of international visitors who would choose the comparable sun and sea holidays at cheaper prices. At the same time, the increase in domestic prices, especially after euro was introduced in Greece, may also influence negatively the tourism demand. People are usually concerned about the price for good or service in terms of their own countrys currency. That price depends not only on the price of the good in the origin country but also on exchange rate. However, the exchange rate can influence the price of goods or services. Compared to last year euro had increased its exchange rate towards almost all major currencies. For travelers outside it becomes more expensive to visit tourist destinations that are in euro area. At the same time citizens of euro zone are stimulated to travel to European destinations outside it. Greece is isolated geographically from other European Union countries (where the majority if tourists comes from), therefore, the most popular transportation is airplane. The cost of transportation is one of the components of the final price the consumers have to pay for the tourism product. An increase in transportation costs can result in decline of demand, all other things being equal (Garin-Munoz T., Amaral T., 2000). The high transportation costs can be the decisive variable in choosing whether to visit country or not and even may lead to substitution of a near or far destination. Another factor that can influence demand is also the choice between domestic and foreign holidays which also comes up from the cost of transportation. In the past two years international tourism has, first and foremost, been reigned by the combination of an overall weak economy and a high level on uncertainty because of the struggle against terrorism and the looming Iraq conflict (WTO, 2003). The Iraq conflict and terrorist attacks caused and probably will continue to influence negatively a demand of air transportation, interregional travel and travel to destinations that are geographically close to the zone of conflict. The emergence of SARS also deceased the demand for tourism worldwide. Despite these events, Greece still managed a slight increase in total 2001-2002 traffic (GNTO Newsletter, 2003). Nevertheless, it is expected that demand for travel and tourism will continue to grow and Greece will continue to be a preferred tourist destination because of its safe, crime-free and tourist friendly environment. The distinctive feature of Greek tourism is that it has a seasonal attribute. Greek tourism had been based for more than five decades on the product of sea and sun and the majority of tourists arrive to Greece between mid-June and mid-September respectfully. Therefore, during the wintertime the demand for tourism significantly decreases. Official policy is to try to diversify to spread arrivals throughout the year by developing conference tourism, yachting, golf, skiing in the mountainous area, spa and medical tourism. Walsh in her studies also mentions such factors as weather and habit/presence (1996). The weather is unlikely factor for Greece, nevertheless the bad weather during vacations can influence negatively ones decision to come to Greece again next year. As for the habit the possibility occurs that once people visited Greece and liked it there can be a tendency that this visit will be repeated. Also a person can recommend to visit this country to people who dont have any first-hand knowledge about a particular resort in Greece. This paper analyzed the main determinants of demand in tourism in the case of Greece and showed that income, price, exchange rate, transportation costs and geopolitical factors can affect the demand for tourism in this country. However, the further econometric analysis in needed to investigate in details the above-mentioned variables and to evaluate more precisely the demand for tourism in Greece. Despite some negative influences of the above-mentioned factors tourism will continue to be the most dynamic sector of Greeces economy contributing most to its gross national product and economic growth since prospects of Greeces tourist industry are highly promising.

Gun Control Essays (515 words) - Gun Politics, Firearms, Gun Control

Gun Control Since the days of the pioneers of the United States, firearms have been part of the American tradition as protection and a means of hunting or sport. As we near the end of the 20th century the use of guns has changed significantly. Because of fast and steady increase in crime and the fight for the right to own a hand gun, the introduction of legislation for gun control, to try to reduce the crime in the United States, has been a hotly debated issue in recent years. Although many people feel that gun control violates the right of the people, given in the second amendment "the right to bear arms", controlling distribution and sales and the registration of guns and gun owners is necessary because of the homicide rate involving guns and the violence by criminals using guns. Many people feel that gun control violates the right of the people given in the second amendment the right "to bear arms". Opponents of gun control, including the National Rifle Association, better known as the NRA, argue that the "right To bear arms" is guaranteed in the second amendment of the Constitution of the United States of America and licensing restrictions penalize law-abiding citizens while in no way preventing criminal use of handguns. It is also argued that by making it difficult for guns to be bought and registered for the American public there is a threat to the personal safety of American families everywhere. However controlling the sale and distribution of firearms is necessary because of the homicide rate involving guns. In 1988 there were 9000 handgun related murders in America. Metropolitan centers and some suburban communities of America are setting new records for homicides by handguns. Larger Metropolitan centers have ten times the murder rate of all Western Europe. For example in Washington,D.C. there was an estimated 400 homicides including guns. In addition gun control has been seen as necessary because of the violence by criminals using guns. Gun control is wrapped in a series of social issues such as crime and drugs. Guns have become closely linked to drugs and murder in the public mind. Drug dealing and high tech weaponry have escalated the warfare in cities between long established loosely knit gangs. Predominantly guns of crime are used by gang members. Many police officers are killed every year due to drug and gang related incidents involving guns. For example in 1988 on February 26 rookie New York City police officer Edward Byre was sitting alone in his police car guarding the house of a drug trial witness in South Jamaica, Queens where he was shot four times in the head and killed. In conclusion there are valid reasons for why certain people feel that gun control is unfair. People against gun control feel that it is a violation of the Constitution to control the sale and distribution and the registration of guns and gun owners. But it is necessary for there to be certain limits on the way that firearms are handled in this country because of the homicide rate involving guns and because of the violence created by criminals using guns. If gun control legislation were to go through there would be a significant decline in gun related crimes and fatalities. Gun Control Essays (515 words) - Gun Politics, Firearms, Gun Control Gun Control Since the days of the pioneers of the United States, firearms have been part of the American tradition as protection and a means of hunting or sport. As we near the end of the 20th century the use of guns has changed significantly. Because of fast and steady increase in crime and the fight for the right to own a hand gun, the introduction of legislation for gun control, to try to reduce the crime in the United States, has been a hotly debated issue in recent years. Although many people feel that gun control violates the right of the people, given in the second amendment "the right to bear arms", controlling distribution and sales and the registration of guns and gun owners is necessary because of the homicide rate involving guns and the violence by criminals using guns. Many people feel that gun control violates the right of the people given in the second amendment the right "to bear arms". Opponents of gun control, including the National Rifle Association, better known as the NRA, argue that the "right To bear arms" is guaranteed in the second amendment of the Constitution of the United States of America and licensing restrictions penalize law-abiding citizens while in no way preventing criminal use of handguns. It is also argued that by making it difficult for guns to be bought and registered for the American public there is a threat to the personal safety of American families everywhere. However controlling the sale and distribution of firearms is necessary because of the homicide rate involving guns. In 1988 there were 9000 handgun related murders in America. Metropolitan centers and some suburban communities of America are setting new records for homicides by handguns. Larger Metropolitan centers have ten times the murder rate of all Western Europe. For example in Washington,D.C. there was an estimated 400 homicides including guns. In addition gun control has been seen as necessary because of the violence by criminals using guns. Gun control is wrapped in a series of social issues such as crime and drugs. Guns have become closely linked to drugs and murder in the public mind. Drug dealing and high tech weaponry have escalated the warfare in cities between long established loosely knit gangs. Predominantly guns of crime are used by gang members. Many police officers are killed every year due to drug and gang related incidents involving guns. For example in 1988 on February 26 rookie New York City police officer Edward Byre was sitting alone in his police car guarding the house of a drug trial witness in South Jamaica, Queens where he was shot four times in the head and killed. In conclusion there are valid reasons for why certain people feel that gun control is unfair. People against gun control feel that it is a violation of the Constitution to control the sale and distribution and the registration of guns and gun owners. But it is necessary for there to be certain limits on the way that firearms are handled in this country because of the homicide rate involving guns and because of the violence created by criminals using guns. If gun control legislation were to go through there would be a significant decline in gun related crimes and fatalities.

Thieves World Review essays

Thieves World Review essays In Claire Sterling's Thieves' World, new light is shed on the current status of organized crime in the world today. The days of crime families battling it out in the streets is a thing of the past. The fall of communism in Soviet Russia and the tearing down of the Berlin Wall in Germany opened the doors to a land of endless wealth and opportunity that all the major crime syndicates have taken advantage of. Sterling suggests that the early 90's was the beginning of a convergence of all great crime syndicates. "The Sicilians, Russians, Chinese Triads, Japanese Yakusa, and many other smaller groups began moving toward an agreement to avoid conflict, devise common strategies, and work the planet peaceably together." This is referred to as a broader pax mafiosa. With this agreement now in place, the Italians and Colombians combined forces and moved in on the western half of the Europe and flooded it with supplies of cocaine. Since the Italians no longer had quite the stronghold in the United States that they used to have and because Europe was their home turf, it only made sense for them to supply the country with cocaine from the Colombians. This partnership between the two most importantly strengthened bonds between the two criminal giants and provided a greater opportunity to take advantage of the newly spawned opportunities in ex-communist Russia. With the downfall of communist Russia, the mafia only increased it's regular activities in the former U.S.S.R. This was especially true when it came to laundering dirty money. The money was used to buy Rubles and then reinvested into real estate and other ventures in Russia. Russian President Boris Yeltsin was even quoted as saying that, "nearly two-thirds of Russia's commercial structure has ties to the criminal world." At one time the mafia in Russia was considered to be the fastest growing crime organization on the planet, with more than five thousand different groups. "It's ...

World War II Timeline From 1939 to 1945

World War II Timeline From 1939 to 1945 World War II (WWII) was a long and bloody war that lasted about six years. Officially beginning on September 1, 1939, when Germany invaded Poland, World War II lasted until both the Germans and the Japanese had surrendered to the Allies in 1945. Here is a timeline of major events during the war. 1939 Sept. 1 may be the official start of World War II, but it didnt start in a vacuum. Europe and Asia had been tense for years prior to 1939 because of the rise of Adolf Hitler and the Third Reich in Germany, the Spanish Civil War, the Japanese invasion of China, the German annexation of Austria, and the imprisonment of thousands of Jews in concentration camps. After Germanys occupation of areas of Czechoslovakia not previously agreed to in the Munich Pact and its invasion of Poland, the rest of Europe realized it couldnt try to appease Germany any longer. The United States tried to remain neutral, and the Soviet Union invaded Finland. August 23: Germany and the Soviet Union sign the Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact.September 1: Germany invades Poland, starting World War II.September 3: Britain and France declare war on Germany.September: Battle of the Atlantic begins. London after an air raid during the London Blitz, 15th October 1940. Central Press/Getty Images​ 1940 The first full year of the war saw Germany invading its European neighbors: Belgium, the Netherlands, France, Denmark, Norway, Luxembourg, and Romania, and the bombing of Britain lasted for months. The Royal Air Force undertook nighttime raids in Germany in response. Germany, Italy, and Japan signed a joint military and economic agreement, and Italy invaded Egypt, which was controlled by the British, Albania, and Greece. The United States shifted to a stance of nonbelligerancy rather than neutrality so it could find ways to help the Allies, and the Lend-Lease Act (the exchange of materiel aid then for 99-year leases on property to be used for foreign military bases) was proposed late in the year. Popular opinion still didnt want Americans in another war over there. The Soviet Union, meanwhile, took part of Romania and installed Communists in the Baltic States, later annexing them. May: Auschwitz is established.May 10: Germany invades France, Belgium, and the Netherlands.May 26: Evacuation begins of Allied troops from Dunkirk, France.June 10: Italy declares war on France and Great Britain.June 22: France surrenders to Germany.July 10: Battle of Britain begins.September 16: The United States begins its first peacetime draft. German soldiers with Russian prisoners, Russia, 1941.   Print Collector/Getty Images 1941 The year 1941 was one of escalation  around the world. Italy may have been defeated in Greece, but that didnt mean that Germany wouldnt take the country. Then it was on to Yugoslavia and Russia. Germany broke its pact with the Soviet Union and invaded there, but the winter and Soviet counterattack killed many German troops. The Soviets next joined the Allies. Within a week of the Pearl Harbor attack, Japan had invaded Burma, Hong Kong (then under British control), and the Philippines, and the United States was officially in the conflict. March 11: U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt signs the Lend-Lease bill.May 24: The British ship Hood is sunk by Germanys Bismarck.May 27: The Bismarck is sunk.June 22: Germany invades the Soviet Union (Operation Barbarossa).August 9: Atlantic Conference begins.September 8: Siege of Leningrad begins.December 7: The Japanese launch a sneak attack on Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.December 11: Germany and Italy declare war on the United States; then the United States declares war on Germany and Italy. Aircraft Carrier Yorktown Being Hit by Japanese Bomber during Battle of Midway. Bettman/Getty Images   1942 U.S. troops first arrived in Britain in January 1942. Also that year, Japan captured Singapore, which was Britains last location in the Pacific, as well as islands such as Borneo and Sumatra. By the middle of the year, though, the Allies started gaining ground, with the Battle of Midway being the turning point there. Germany captured Libya, but the Allies started making gains in Africa, and Soviet counterattacks made progress as well in Stalingrad. January 20: The Wannsee ConferenceFebruary 19: Roosevelt issues Executive Order 9066, which allows the internment of Japanese Americans.April 18: The Doolittle Raid on JapanJune 3: The Battle of Midway begins.July 1: First Battle of El Alamein begins.July 6: Anne Frank and her family go into hiding.August 2: Guadalcanal Campaign begins.August 21: Battle of Stalingrad begins.October 23: Second Battle of El Alamein begins.November 8: The Allies invade North Africa (Operation Torch). German POWs in Stalingrad in 1943. Historical/Getty Images   1943 Stalingrad turned into Germanys first major defeat in 1943, and the North Africa stalemate ended, with the surrender of the Axis powers to the Allies in Tunisia. The tide was finally turning, though not fast enough for the people in the 27 merchant vessels sunk by Germany in the Atlantic in four days in March. But Bletchley codebreakers and long-range aircraft inflicted a serious toll on the U-boats, pretty much ending the Battle of the Atlantic. The autumn of the year saw the fall of Italy to Allied forces, prompting Germany to invade there. The Germans successfully rescued Mussolini, and battles in Italy between forces in the north and south drug on. In the Pacific, Allied forces gained territory in New Guinea- to attempt to protect Australia from Japanese invasion- as well as Guadalcanal. The Soviets continued expelling Germans from their territory, and the Battle of Kursk was key. The end of the year saw Winston Churchill and Josef Stalin meeting in Iran to discuss the invasion o f France. January 14: Casablanca Conference begins.February 2: The Germans surrender at Stalingrad, Soviet Union.April 19: The Warsaw Ghetto Uprising begins.July 5: Battle of Kursk begins.July 25: Mussolini resigns.September 3: Italy surrenders.November 28: Tehran Conference begins. 1944 American troops played a big role in battles to take back France in 1944, including landings on Normandy beaches that caught the Germans by surprise. Italy was finally liberated as well, and the Soviets counterattack pushed the German soldiers back to Warsaw, Poland. Germany lost 100,000 soldiers (captured) during the battle in Minsk. The Battle of the Bulge, however, postponed the Allies marching into Germany for a while. In the Pacific, Japan gained more territory in China, but its success was limited by the Communist troops there. The Allies fought back by taking Saipan and invading the Philippines. January 27: After 900 days, the Siege of Leningrad is finally over.June 6: D-DayJune 19: Battle of the Philippine SeaJuly 20: Assassination attempt against Hitler fails.August 4: Anne Frank and her family are discovered and arrested.August 25: The Allies liberate Paris.October 23: Battle of Leyte Gulf begins.December 16: Battle of the Bulge begins. ors Survivors of Auschwitz leaving the camp at the end of World War II, Poland, February 1945. Galerie Bilderwelt/Getty Images 1945 Liberation of concentration camps, such as Auschwitz, made the extent of the Holocaust clearer to the Allies. Bombs still fell on London and Germany in 1945, but before April was over, two of the Axis leaders would be dead and Germanys surrender would soon follow. Franklin D. Roosevelt also died in April but of natural causes. The war in the Pacific continued, but the Allies made significant progress there through battles at Iwo Jima, the Philippines, and Okinawa, and Japan started to retreat from China. By mid-August, it was all over. Japan surrendered shortly after the second atomic bomb was unleashed on the island nation and Sept. 2, the surrender was formally signed and accepted, officially ending the conflict. Estimates put 50 million dead around the world, including 20 million Russian civilians, and 6 million Jews, one-third of their worldwide population. February 4: Yalta Conference begins.February 13: Allies begin bombing Dresden.February 19: Battle of Iwo Jima begins.April 1: Battle of Okinawa.April 12: Franklin D. Roosevelt dies.April 16: Battle of Berlin begins.April 28: Mussolini is hanged by Italian partisans.April 30: Adolf Hitler commits suicide.May 7: Germany signs an unconditional surrender.July 17: Potsdam Conference begins.August 6: The United States drops the first atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan.August 9: The United States drops a second atomic bomb on Nagasaki, Japan.